Incorporating cover crops (or green manures) into the soil management regimen is an integral part of organic gardening and farming. It is also one of the easiest and most economical ways to improve soil fertility and structure. Cover crops provide, among other things, organic matter for soil dwelling microorganisms to break down, consequently releasing nutrients into the soil in a form that is usable by plants. This process is called nutrient cycling and it affects both the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

Buckwheat
Sowing Indoors-Not recommended.
Sowing Outdoors-Best sown in early spring after the danger of frost. Plants grow quickly as a summer cover and should be tilled under when flowering begins to prevent regrowth.
Growing Tips-Broadcast seed and rake in lightly. Till under when flowering begins, usually 5-6 weeks after germination.

Clover
Sowing Indoors-Not recommended.
Sowing Outdoors-Best sown in the fall as a winter cover and then tilled into the soil in the spring. However, an early spring sowing will provide organic matter to incorporate into the soil prior to planting a spring or summer garden.
Growing Tips-Broadcast seed and rake in lightly. Till in the clover 3-4 weeks prior to spring planting for best results.

Fava Beans
Sowing Indoors-Not recommended.
Sowing Outdoors-In zones 7 and above, favas can be overwintered by planting in the fall, 3 weeks before your first hard frost. In colder areas of the country, plant favas in early spring.
Growing Tips-Plant seeds 3 inches deep and 3-5 inches apart or simply broadcast the seed and rake in well to ensure it is covered with soil. For best results, we recommend inoculating the seed. Cut down plants in the spring or summer.